Our research asks how people come to identify with groups, how those identifications shape what they believe about others, and when they translate into speaking out or staying silent. We work across three themes, using experimental, survey, qualitative, and meta-analytic methods. Türkiye forms the background to these themes, as a setting whose ethnic, religious, and political complexity makes it a demanding test case for theories developed elsewhere.
Theme 1: Social Identity, Group Norms, Intergroup Relations, and Collective Action
Why do people favor their own group, and what makes them push back against it instead? This theme examines identification as a driver of intergroup bias, and group norms as the condition that turns identification into conformity or into dissent. Our work on the normative conflict model asks when loyalty to a group requires opposing it, and our work on collective action asks what moves group members from grievance to mobilization --including collective memory among Alevis, group-based resources among Turkish immigrants from Bulgaria, and bystander support for climate action. Methodologically the theme runs from experiments on norm manipulation to meta-analytic synthesis of the identification-differentiation relationship.
Çoksan & Cingöz-Ulu (2022), Current Psychology
Korkmaz & Cingöz-Ulu (2021), Psychological Reports
Cingöz-Ulu & Bükün (2023), in Örgütlerde Grup İçi Etkileşim (Nobel)
Çoksan, Cingöz-Ulu, Sayılan & Solak (2022), DEÜ Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi
Bükün & Cingöz-Ulu (2017), Türk Psikoloji Yazıları
Fidan, M. (2022) — A social psychological examination of actions concerning poverty
Özakay, Ö. (2022) — Immigrant desirability and national identity markers
Koçak, Ö. (2019) — Organizational identity focus, norm conflict, and dissent
Bükün, M. F. (2014) — Social identity and collective memory among Alevis
Korkmaz, L. (2010) — Perceived discrimination and well-being, Turkish minority in Bulgaria
Theme 2: Ideology, Prejudice, and Political Psychology in Türkiye
This theme traces how ideological orientations form and what they predict. We examine right-wing authoritarianism, social dominance orientation, worldviews, and moral foundations as antecedents of generalized prejudice, and test how well models built on Western samples travel to a context where the relevant cleavages are ethnic, sectarian, and religious rather than racial. A second strand concerns collective memory and repair: how national identity is constructed through historical narrative, what Turks are willing to acknowledge about past wrongdoing toward Kurds and Armenians, and what makes intergroup forgiveness possible. Morality runs through the theme as an explanatory lens: moral foundations, moral disengagement, and moral exclusion as mechanisms linking ideology to how outgroups are treated.
Birdir, Sayılan, Cingöz-Ulu & Adams (2022), IJIR
İslambay Yapalı & Cingöz-Ulu (2022), in Examining Complex Intergroup Relations (Routledge)
Coşkun & Cingöz-Ulu (2022), Nesne
Düzgün, Sayılan & Cingöz-Ulu (2022), DTCF Dergisi
Cingöz-Ulu & İslambay (2016), in Siyaset Psikolojisi (Nobel)
Erdoğan, Ç. (2023) — Moral foundations in excusing verbal aggression under power asymmetry
Gül Aksoy, B. (2023) — Imagined contact and prejudice towards Syrians
İslambay, D. (2019) — Intergroup forgiveness in the context of Türkiye
Sayılan, G. (2018) — Worldviews and ideological orientations
Akarsu, A. S. (2017) — History and identity
Paksoy, C. (2017) — Cross-cutting exposure and political tolerance
Avcı, N. (2014) — Attitudes toward the Kurdish question and basic values
Balaban, Ç. D. (2013) — Intergroup threat, SDO, and RWA in prejudice toward Kurds
Okuyan, M. (2012) — Strategic constructions of national identity by political leaders
Theme 3: Gender, Marginalization, Silencing, and Resistance
This theme asks who gets to speak, who learns not to, and what turns silence into voice. We study self-silencing among people whose identities carry social cost, such as Circassians in Türkiye, LGB+ individuals negotiating heterosexism, and the psychological toll that concealment exacts. A second strand examines gender as a system of constraint: masculinity ideology and threatened manhood as precursors of violence against women, prejudice toward trans people, and the sexist language practices that sustain gender hierarchy. A third addresses resistance: how feminist identity is claimed or refused, what sustains solidarity across differently marginalized groups, and how misogynist online ideologies form. Across all three, the question is the relationship between marginalization and collective voice.
Sayılan, Türkoğlu & Cingöz-Ulu (2020), Psychology & Sexuality
Türkoğlu & Cingöz-Ulu (2019), DEÜ Edebiyat Fakültesi Dergisi
Cingöz-Ulu, Sayılan & Türkoğlu (2016), Türk Psikoloji Yazıları
Demir, Ş. (2022) — Feminist representations and identity presentations on Twitter
Yumuşak, C. (2019) — Social representations of sex work among socialist women
Türkoğlu, B. (2013) — Threatened manhood, masculine ideology, and violence against women